ģұ˵ţ߰ҵĿ壬ѲľҺͣ˳һ¸ϵľҺ֪һ壬ҵӲ뵽ʱˣҲֻòεվƺ
Ҹæţڿ·⣬ϰѹ¸ѴݵľҺųֱҲûоҺˣȻϣӣķɫT-backڿ㣬Űֿ·á
ĻDZ߿ȲҲˣӣȻɷߣҼæİȥźţİ˫ſȻȥܻҰŹϡ
պãŹϵͬʱӣҲ﷿ŴĿѺ˲پƣ·Ҳе㲻ȣҪӣߡ
ܺȾͱôðɡӣ˵űţԼȴæŻ·ŰסһҲһɷֲ˽ȥ͵͵İ˳ŰװڿȫĶϹȻСĵİڿװպá
ұڿʱɷµذӺ𣬲ݵʱҲžѰëŵëˣɵֱֱһУɷһĵһΰɣɷȻ̲סӺϡ
ҲҪ˰ɡĿ˵߰ѷ˵ͳŵòӦԵ͵֪ȴݺݵһơ
ٱ̬ˣҲѽ֪ʲôʱѹģ˵ŰɷƿԹԵĴ·
ĿֻùԹԵȥŶ氭ԼµݲðȥȴȻи鵽ɫȹԵķɫݣ˫ҪȫӾڲԶ
֪ӣǷ˿̫ˬҲµĹϵȻǼϵװװزм俪һ͵͵İȹijߴȥģװȹӸĶ̵պøǵƨɣҲһ֡ŷ̫¶ˣǰԵͻˣȹộ߶ʱԲƨܻ¶һ㣬ʱ¶Ҳ̵࣬òҪ
ɩӣ·ûа˵Ҫ;ӣԥʱǸɫš
һ£ˣӣ輱ӦȻѴĴӷַҲôڿѽдģһ˵ɷDZ߿ȴԼɷ֪ʲôôרġ
ȴɫڿ˷ɫģԼ˵һڿ㣬һɻȥ֤ʵȴɷڣͰװ˳ȥ
ĶȹԼڿʱͣİҡţôҵڿ
ɩӣûš
ˣ˵ŰڿԼϣȻȹãٿԼǰûͻôͼҪߡ
ûѹ𡹣ӣһ⣬۾ͼٺĵʵ
ӣվԱߵĿһۣ˯ģˁ˱Ҳ֪
֮Ŀţӣ費ͣԱ߶ţӣ迴һҪȥӡ
ӣĿŴ˿ʼҲ֪жٵĿӣɨڵġ
òײŻصϯ£ɷȴֱſϣһֵûܹ˵Ҫӣûǰ취̨ߣĿĸĸ˵ſ˯̫ѿͷԸܵܰȥ﷿ϢۺòİĿٺãŻȥϷ
ӣشһЩû̫˹ĵʱԭʡµĿȴͻȻſ˫ۣܹȥϣȻߵԱߣ塣
Ŀҡ̽ĽţȻ˯ľʹ˫ţڿˣ˷ܵһͷȥҲǷѹͷͣ
ԭζȳġȻĵûо飬ҵľҺҲ֪
˲ã˾ͳһ㣬ȻE˫ţһҪȥӡ
Ҫ־ղŰǷֻסҵđj˵˽ȥȻͣسš
˲ӣ͵͵İͷ̵ij£ֱĿεˣҲŴ˷˹ȥſϵֿҵЦˣԭΪԤһװģ벻Ūôշ˵Űѷڵijˡ
˲ӺҲŰѷֳ˸绰ۣͣDZ湻ûС
мϷսսĴ
ʮӺѣӣ﷿ҸʵϷ˵ҾͰѵ绰ҵ߹ȥĿѡ
ģ
ĿҴͨ죬ž뼫İ˫ǰʶֳ˲òŷԱһֱǿңµվҲҪߣӣ衣
ӣҵѣôܲԼ˸һ͵Եˣø㲻㣬ѣҿϰ㣬ҲŹѽ
ǰϲңҲ֪Ҷٱ飬ֻҪϴӦDZ߿϶û
ģôҲû뵽ǰ׳ռû˧ֻһнҲûҵijIJţǼһԶӣе㶯ҡˡ
ƾ㣡
ͷѡϹʵͰɣ˵š
ҸҪһȭϻӣģң⣬ҸߣӣӰ
Ҳ˼㣬Ҫߣӣ裬ҪôڵϵĿ֪ǻˣùġ
Լ˵İ첻ôɹӣһ»ԹԵҵ˵ұ֤ѸղûɣȻͰһֽŵС
̫˰ɣĿƬһŵĿҡ
ֻаҸղżĸߣӣ
̫Ŀһ治ںģ˵ѽ㻹ң
㿴ɣҰѵӻţĻղŸӰ֪ȥĵڵϡ
˲ӣӣֵۡ˽Ӧ˵ңһʱҲ˵˺ܾòǿһЦݣ㲻˵ôֻˡ
˰ҵЦš
㻹ˣոѾˣҪһˣӣ¶˸ı顣
ĺˣΪϷһʣɷҲӦ˲μϷ㲻ԸĻ˰ɣ˵ҰһֽУһŻϸղŸĿһֻǼˡɷ֪ѾҸɹһвԵľӽȥѡ
ѴӦ𡹣ӣֽһɷȴĿۿشҲңֻĵͷңͷͣᡣ
Ҽһֱֻͣÿڴߴҿɵȵòͷˣ棬Dz棡
Ȱǽгȥ𣡡ӣ֪ûѡֵָ˵ĿҲźӦʼɩӣʼղ̫ðɣ
ڲźѽ˵Ұ棺ٸּۣҾѸղŻû浽ɵ˶н
һţͲ˵ʲôȻ˹ȥõָ˳Ըۡã֮ӰᵽԱߣţӣ˹ȥ
ϷΪ˿ɶ˽̶ȡҵֵ˵š
ͨһûȤӦ
ֻͷȥֱ棬ҲµزϡµIJλ˵̻꣬һӡȥӣ·ȫѵȻ˫ŷֿԣ
ɲ̫ðɣװžӵ棺ϾҵɩӰãӣһмӵġ
ǾͻѰɣҼôһѣҲұ֤ҵ˫ֲ
ӣôһ˵ȥ۰·ø̬йװһԸ˹ȥһţӣȹߣһװӵİ۾ϣȻѣӣװϷװ̫ˣ۵˫֣һֱţӣ壬زʱװ̫쵽ǰ˫ѹزȻΣһҲġ
ӣһֱѹţȣҲԽԽ٣ܲˣŲ˼ĴߴϿѣγѵأİװͷңӺ˰ɣ
ҵȻһĴ𰸣ڿҲѵ
һ˵Ͱ˫ӣڿ֪T-backڿĴӱƨɵеģ۾ͽУӣ˫ŷֿһ㣬֪ӣŸհѽŷֿһִ棬ŵ̰ѽźϽ۵סԼۼʧװҪĥ
ӣ費֪Ƿ̫ˬˣ˫żеģĿԾŽһ㣬żİڿ£Ȼѣӣϡ
ٿԱߵ죬Ѿ˸ãҾͰĿӣԱߣͷҳӣȷԺٸҡѡԵĻͿ綴ȻҾҪޣȻӣŲһϷ
Ϊô˵ҺһµӣŻɵʵ
ղװˣȴҸײƣҿĿŸոһȽ
ֲɩӸ¶һ顣
Dz¶Ҳѣӣ㶨Ȼֵһƻ
壩
ҿѾת˹ȥ£ӣĿˣҲ˵ű˹ȥĿ𣬵ѣӣһصˡ
ұߣĿš
Ŀ˵ߣҸ˵˵ʱЦˣӣҲ¶˿ı顣
ǾΨǼ
ͷĿһǡ
ǿɲɣҪǰҵЦŵӣôһ˵ŵòͣҡͷĿҲֻһ˵Ҫȥˣˣ
˷ܣҵⳡ˱ݵȺܾˡߵĿԱ͵͵˵ӣ֪ղŸɵĺ£ҲΪ϶ɣ
Ӧ㣬ſҲһӣİɣȻһĶ˵ҲӦ
Ҳ벻ĸҸҷһʱҲ֪˵ʲôѽ룬ڸ뵽һķȻĿ˵Ұɵˣ
ղѾǺܹˣҰӚ㣬Ȿûйϵѽӣŵˣͣҡͷġ
ղֻźԼ⣬ûѽڲװѽװ˭ѽ
ӣôһ˵ʱԶԣԽ˵ԽˣĺˣղŻ˸˵Ϳɷҹ֪ΣǰԸ֪˻Ҫмѽ
ĿĽܲĿһĴ𰸣һֱκȵþˣһĿţɷֻܴվţ֪˵Щʲô
ҼȥҲǰ취ֻټһѹDzɣҲݸҿDz绻ұݣһˣ
һŹȻЧĿһıӵףεĴӦҸһҪȰӷųȥ
ðɣ̫Ҳ˻ɣۡ죬ȸӣȥɣ
ҪҸҿһҲԭ㣡
ٴҾҲ̲סˣ˵Żʹ˸ɫɫȻ֪⣬ӣ˵ŴֻΪҪ裬Ҫٽдѿ֮֮࣬·ȥ
ҼӣDZߴ¸㶨ͷԸѣӣȥϣ˳˫ְαһƻҵļƻȻȴdzȥ
ˣߵĶˣұĿ˵ű߰һ㣬ֱƨգͷαҲŽĿǷӲѾõҼ֧穣һѹŲ˫ȴʱһ£ҲˣҲֻüӿչٶȡ
ֻ˵˵ֻܹɣ˫ֲҲ¿˷ܵʱҷѣֻðס˵ŰĿ˫ҲαĶˣȴϵĺһ㷴ҲûС
ΪǸӰˣһٰߣɲҪе̫˵ŰţֺͿɷҰҲţȻߵŵӺ棬һϷ
ѽĿ˲ã˯ʱˡǰԼ壬Լһ˿ҵıţȻķһ־ĿŵöҲҶ֪Ǻá
ѽô㣡Ǹ֣Ѱϳˣǰһʵ˵ӣܾҺüΣְ˼Ūģ벻˵Ķģ
ҵ֮մˣôҡҾǿı飬Ҳ֪һɧ
ôѽǸʲôģôôҲţӣҲ𣡡һֱ˵ͣ㲻Ҳɣһºιйģ
š㲻ҪһֱŵҺѽιѽ˵ŻҡԼƨɣȻͦ֫
һֱŵĿյĻӦҲ֪㶨ˣͰͣ˰εٴμٵij
áˬѽҡҡˬ˽ֱ֮Ŀһּ֮£ſϣܻĴҾͳ͵͵İңص
ѽѽҡҰ㡭ˣУĿҲòȥһֱſǰûзѾͣˡ
ءءšء
ǸҸɵ̫ˣϲĿĿЦ
ҡǺܡܸǻûҪޡij̶˰ɣ
ءءšءšš
װҿúĿ¶˵š
ͻȻ˹ȥ漴ˣ۾ӦǰƵģӣ裬ŵϵЦҲסˡ
һУȻӣҲڣһʱҲ֪˵ʲôһֱţһԵȿϷ
ǿɶԵң˵ģӣȷѣĿһֱⲻǣ˵ʲôȲѡ
㻹˵ȣղַˣڴΣӣԽ˵ԽĿҲ֪ͷ˵ʲôӣ漴תĿ꣺һֱãȴһֱڴϹ⣡
ãһֱӣôһ˵ͷ㻹˵뵱˭ȿĿ˭˵Ҵ·Ȼˣ
ҿɸ̸Ҫ־㵱װˡװ
ԣҾǺڵװˣһֱ㲻ԸҲԱߣһصǸ׳ǮߣйãĿҲ˻ҵͷϡ
磡˵ҪͿˣǺ𡹾֮ͣʣֵ泳šӣ費֪˹ȥţȻ˽ּæİŹϣŲһϣţӣǿȥ
·ãӣ˵߰Ŀ˫ֽŲܣȻԼæŲױһŪĿҪȥȴɫסſڡһᣬȻ뵽ʲôƵĻعͷң˵Ҫģǵ
ǵãҲµʲôֵ˵ţǿҪúɩӵĻϼҲµˣֻ컹Ǵŵͷ
ӣȰĿ˳ȥȻֵ˵úõĸɸ֪
꣬ߵһͨ
ѽҪŵòͣУȾң
ֻһİ׳գﲻ˵žţӣȥ
Ů˻Dzð߿Զģӣ˵š
㲻ϲЩôˣӣһмһһ䡣
ĸ㲻ҵĿѽҵЦţղſùܸҿԼ˸ʲôо
㲻Ҫ˵˺𡹣ӣۿˮҪӿӣòײֹסˣĶҺȵҪұƷŸ𣡡
㲻˵˰ɣֺαôһںģǻ˸ҵģҲ֪㻹ǿȥɣ˶ڵˣ˵Ҿһģӣ裬ԹԵߵһ¡
ʮӣЩͲ߹ˣӣĸĸ˹˵һѿվһһҵĿҡ˲֪ãĿĸĸֵܲˣҪǣ˵ղżǣҴææȥ﷿ǡ
߽﷿˫ֻסȫǾҺҺ廹һֱŰǵľҺ˫ȴϵľǿض컨壬һҲڵϡ
ɴһʴսŮĿĽҪһԳ̵ۼҽüɫ˵ţŮĻľǿô嶼ϽУֵΣֲ׳
ǵĸĸȥɣҴߴdzȥģƺҪ跨˶ߣȻӣҪ
˵ܴ꣬˳ȥҸˡҿеѹϾҵĵһξϵõģСʱ֮ǰһδ˵ŮȴŪӡ
ҿþˣһھεĸоԽԽǿңԾëĨȻ˫ֵ֪ͻȻңһֱͣ
˲ãͻȻֹס˿Ե˿ȥ·һæ𡹴ױãͻȻô˵ţֻĿȻʾ˵ȥҸղܵĥҪԭԭĸӣǸ˳һ飡
Ů˹Ȼǰ̰ڳһȻı飺ɺð죬ҪúõİҵļƻʵС
ҰѼƻĴŸҾߣҲˣֻʣֵܡǵĸĸӣ輸ˣҵĴӦ֪ڳʲô
߽ǣ֪ڳǮ˵õIJ̫ˣȻⶼҵ
ôôҹš
ͣ㿴ô˵IJô࣡ӣ輱ȹһҼӦùʵ㿴һᣬ͵͵Ӧ˸ɫ
ǵıͿ˲ٺƣȫģԲŻôѽӦҽͣȻҲȰŵ
ǵ˵þˮȫģĿֱ׳Ķ˵š
и˵ֻˮơƶѣӦ̻һ䡣
Ҳɣû취ҲܽҰɣװε˵š
æ취ôôӣҰĿĸĸҲҰ
ҽһ飬˳绰Ұ֣ûתɣȻ㲦˸绰ҵ˵˼仰ְѵ绰ҵӶ˵Ұָȥϴ裬ҵһٴȥˡ
Ҫٵȶáӣ轹ʵ
Ҳ֪ҪȶãһŽ˵ţȻȥɣҲæһˡ
ӣ輱Żػ֪ȥҲ˯ġû˵꣬ͺԼѵĻᣬȴһʱ벻ȷòŰſͺϡ
ҳû۴˸ɫҲ֪⣬¸ĸۻ˵ҪȥϢҲ˳ˮ۵˵ǾȻȥɣĺˣҰֻôһФӦûʲôġ
ǴҲǰﵹæ˵Ȼȥɣ˵Űŵķߣ˴ǰֻͷţ ǵ»֮ҹɲܴͷȻ˿lһǰҪصң֪𡹵Ŀĵͷ˳ȥ
ҿl֪ʣµʱ䲻࣬˿ȥ˸绰ۣǵȥٻأ㣡ȻԸʰԱ°࣬ĽĿ
һ飬ҸҰҲҪǮ˲ʮӣµʵȥ
ʮжడӣ辪е
ʵ˵ʲôĿֻҪǰϷҷIJҲԡ
ڴʲô⣡Ŀ÷裺ҿɲڲ˱ȥΣ
ֵһˣһֱĬԸһԵʵʱǻˣǿҲ˶٣ٵˣ
ӣһֱڵʵ£ԵûзĴڣôһ˵ղŵľǿҲ֪ܵȥʧһ䣺һƽͰϷ꣡ȻҿҪˣ˵꣬ѼȽֽŵϡ
ӣɷ꣬ɫȴס¶˷ܵı顣ȻʵȻѾûѡȨҲǿˣDzΣԸĻ̨
˼ƳﻢֻùԹԵ̨ȥ
ҸӱŴŷźãȻԸĿֵܰе·ѹ⣬ٰϣְָϴãһֻǻ뵰
ٹ˲ӣɫĸ˻ҰһдŽ֮ҲãȻԹԵİ壬ʣµһϡ
Ҳǰļ˰ɡӣ˵ţһºúõҳĿȻҲָã˫ְ
Ƭֱǵĺ룬鵽ľ͵ðǸ˴ӣ͵һ·´Ҳһѹ˻²ţҾϼЩСֱµĿΪֹ
Ϊ㻳ȫŪҵʱһѵԣӣ˵ȻҪ˵űߣѼƬ˹ȥ
һţѣӣ轻ϵƬȻĸ˵ˣٰѣӣԭزͣתֱ֧غߣҷͦӲּסĿǰȥ
ߣ
ӣ費֪ǰ촽˭һֱٳٲſڣҲֻøŴĿšܿӾȥˣֻðѣӣȻæİѼ˵ص
ȻôظҲֻ߰Ѹ˵𣺡Ҫһ˵ɣ
ӣҵĴվţҲ˵仰ȵòͷ㲻ѡѡˣ˵ŻѼץţӣ·ؿڣһѼȥ·ҷֿ롣
ѽҪӣװֻɫT-backڿ㣬ŵüĹڵ˫Żס̹¶زȴŹ·Ū˫ֱ߸ߵľţŮ
ѽӣ˫ֱţ¶ʹı顣ڹ˲ã¶Ƕ鷿˫ҲԾſҲ̲סˣ
ҿĿǸɫԼӱ裬ȴһֹ˼ҲûУ߸ߵͦšܻۡûлعֻȫûվ
ҿҲֵòˣͿڴߴڶɣ
ͷŰѣӣ·Ȼְֽ𣺡ڼš
ֱߵһšӣͷ
ţ˿ƬȻæŰѸ˵ָŪãְתȻǰѱתûͷתģӣǰͷ
֪ӣǷڿ㱻ѵα쳣һҵſģȻͣŪͷҲɵҵˡʱҹ˵֪ղŵĿȻǸɫ̲סһھҺھûô
Ҹ˵ʱӣ輱ٵĶȻֹסˣ֪УûаѣӣŪҵ˵֪ļƻɷĽӚˡ
ԽԽˬȻڣӣгǼȫջղŵ־磬ܲס˫ְͷѾҺȫ䵽УȻһͲȫȥȻͰϹõ
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ӣôһ˵ͰԱߣĺţȻæŰһãΪģҲˣȻ۵ǰȥ
ΣӣʼӶˣΪôŬŪ۵ţӣ豻ȫ㣬ֻǿĴһ㡣Ҳò˶٣ӣһŬʱͦڻûˬ£СҴѱijͷ
ӣ迴һضǵߣվţѡһʱͷһʱְشŵĵ綯Ҳ֪˶ٱ飬ѣӣŵûʧɫˮֱԼǹҶʮԲĴУɣ
ʲôġӣ迴һҩָ༷ϣŵòͣˡ
ܿͻ֪һǰ壬ϣȻֻŶĴȣѸҩͿڱڣˣԲĸɷˣҪСѡһ㻹ҪѡǸһ˱ݰ
Ŀ£ӣѡͣĽţǧҪѡҪֱӣˡһţſЦ
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˵꣬ߵͣĥŴȵģӣԱߣѰ˫ֵΪ˲ǣֻãӣһǰ
ңҲܲҿţӣ豻˵֣ѾŪţһֻץס߸ŵ鷿˲ãָʹijţ˾˵˽ҲŸ՛Ϊ⾫ʵһĻٶȾ¾
ššϡϹ졭ȡȰҡӣָԽԽ죬ȴǵܲҩĴ̼ͣĿȡ
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ðɡҡĿʹӣڵͷˡ
ʾֵܵţȻٰĸ˵ŪãҴӦģıݸɣŰѣӣõϿţӷŵĿԱȥ˸ƽѣӣǰ
ҿɲǷǰ̫ˬӣðѶͲϣĿ˵Ĵһ˵ű߷ڣӣɷǰԼȥɣȻѶͲϡ
ѽšáʹѽӣѾãһͶһƨȥʹֱҩĴ̼£ƨɻDzͣ°ڶš
Ϲ㡭ĺáôˬܡܡ
ѽţܡܲ˵žͰѾҺһǣӣ̶ƵһֱڶĿȰȵIJվ
ϡϹͦߵ㡭áˬѽ㣡
ӣ˵ͣ߷崫ȥĿΪһ㣺ţôţ
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ڴʱ
ҪĿԼӱҲͣ°ڶΪǸԼϹòͣޣҪɱˣѽ
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֣ : δ18Ͻվ se94se ڹΪڹԱܱɱ
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